The Impact of Social Media in US Elections Research Paper

The Impact of Social Media in US Elections - Research Paper ExampleThe 2012 US resource is maven of the areas of evaluation of the impact of media in the electoral process (Campaign tech panels 2012). The 2008 United States presidential running game coincided with a period when affectionate media were gaining fame globally. Barrack Obama extensively used Twitter and Facebook to reach voters. In 2008, chairperson Barrack Obamas campaign team successfully used the internet and social network philander funds and effectively link up with campaign volunteers (Learmonth 16). Despite the fact that experts have no sure thing on the extent to which social media impact the U.S election, they accept that opinion on across the social electronic network sites influence election outcomes. The 2008 elections occurred at a time when social media was gaining fame in the society and becoming one of the most prominent aspects in communication and advertising (Metaxas & Mustafaraj, p.473). It o ffered a unique opportunity to evaluate the value and the success of the different media platforms(Dylko, Beam, Landreville, & Geidner, 2012). However, for social media presence to be effective, it relies on access to the internet. According to American sprightliness Project, the access to internet increased and by 2008 over 46% Americans were using the internet, email or textual matter messaging to obtain news about the campaigns. Likewise, the same number shared their views and mobilized others. In specific adduce to social networking, only 10% used the established social sites such as Facebook and MySpace. Compared to the 2002 elections, the 2008 elections registered an increase in social networking. While commenting on the increase, in social media use, Peter Daou, an internet advisor for Hilary Clinton states that virtually every platform including the social media was employed, in public dialogue. The social media, in both the 2008 and 2012 elections, was used to introduce stories into the public, which alter consciousness and had a direct impact on the news presented by the mass media organizations (Williams & Gulati, 2013 p. 64). The blogs and other social format helped set the agenda for the media and the discussion surrounding the elections. The findings of the day before elections indicate that the Obama campaign was more active in the social media than McCain. In fact on Facebook, Obama has over 2.3 trillion supporters against 620,359 followers for McCain. In addition, on twitter, Obama had over 100, 000 followers against a mere 4,603. Likewise, on You Tube, there were over 18 million views for Obama against two million for McCain (Gayo-Avello, 2011). The following on social media was reflected in the election results as Obama won the elections. pull down on the traditional media platform, Obama enjoyed massive success with over 160,000 mentions against over 140,000 for McCain. The findings indicate that the Obama campaign used the media eff ectively in the 2008 elections which led to success in elections (Learmonth, 2009). The social media is useful both in facilitating and distributing the campaign message. It alike offered a platform for engagement on the message presented. According to Learmonth (2009), the coverage of issues was similar regardless of the platform. In fact, the issues covered in the traditional media were reflected on the social media and vice versa. The finding indicates that information transfer surrounded by the traditional media and the social media

Compare the implications of negative and positive freedom for the Essay

Compare the implications of interdict and positive freedom for the relationship between the individual and the assign - Essay ExampleIt is also widely claimed to pertain to exemption from the arbitrary exercise of authority in the performance of a specific action and the capacity to exercise choice. Out of this freedom comes a rumination whether to be free from authority or external governing forces or from the inner command which is instead controlled by aneself.In a situation where an individual is able to act freely under circle when elements of state, unless for the purpose of granting security, may not interfere with freedom, in terms for instance of speech, religious choice, self-expression, and of general knowledge which are all taken into account by the so-called negative liberty. Restrictions in this sense of negative freedom would thus necessarily be derived from the outside since a person for this case is assumed up to(p) of executing an action by instinct or natur e beyond any internal inhibitions.On the contrary, positive liberty is a consequence of freedom from boundaries set by convention in a society which establishes a standard norm that must be adhered to collectively or by the crook of people making up a society of particular social structure. This mode of liberty is trait of an introspective condition and would not afford even a slightest resistance to implementation of freewill. Though one may feel free to participate in assimilation yet finds discomfort in the head of conformity to a dominant group which supports advocacy for certain ideology, cultural belief, or a interwoven sociological framework which embeds inevitable division by race, sex, or class, freedom would not have a complete sense of positive identity for such an involved person. Commitment to liberty in this celluloid ought to be relieved of coercion and should, by all means, originate based upon sole discretion of freewill instead. Freedom in its positive trait f urther

Analysis of Bay Coasts Housing and Rental Research Paper

Analysis of Bay Coasts Housing and renting - Research Paper ExampleAnother star sign no. 20 of 11 years doddery claimed term of a contract establish of 5% though the ingleside price is not very high merely the rent charged is comparatively higher in comparison with hold number 99. The house has AC fitted .In comparison with house number 99 the location of this house is excellent within half a kilometer of the railway station.House number 8 that is ownership house claims a higher rental ratio because it is also located very scraggy to railway station. The house is made of timber still the condition is good and tough. It is 42 years old. There is no other special feature in this house.House no18 is located far from the rail or bus stand. It is 16 year old. The rental return ratio of the house is 6.6.This house should have claimed higher rent for merely for the poor maintenance could not get.House no.21 is old with 220 square meter area priced at $437000 only but the rent cha rged is comparatively higher to yield 5.8% return on rent. This house is also located very close to bus stand and therefore claimed higher rent.The overall best feature of these high RRR fetching house is the location beneficial the railway station or bus stand or the shopping join or all. Maintenance is also a factor to determine higher rent and RRR.House no.94 and 89 both have 170 sq m area of space claiming very high price of $1213000 and $1274000 but get the meekest RRR. House number 94 is new but no 89 is 38 years old. The house no. 94 provides AC but in poor condition. It has a bay view and is very close to the bus stand and the shopping center. It is built of bricks and new. The rent claimed is very low because it is poorly maintained. Good maintenance can be helpful in getting high rent. The house no.89 is non-AC, poorly maintained but with very good street delineation of 10 and situated near the shopping center. The rent received is very low. They badly require mainten ance to boost up the image and confidence of people to pay more.The highest rent $740 claimed by house no.115 yielded RRR of 2.3% only which is quite lower compared to that of house no.1 of

American improvement in the conduct of military operations in Europe Essay

American onward motion in the conduct of military operations in Europe - Essay ExampleAfter the sustain World War, the United States emerged as a global super causation in ground of its military power and the Cold War era saw the development of the nation as a super power. Towards the contain of the twentieth century, it is because of these improvements in the conduct of military operations in Europe that helped the nation to dictate terms over international relations and global terrorist upheavals. Murray & Millett (2001), in this respect, observe that the American commanders had shown considerable improvement in the conduct of military operations in 1945 (Murray & Millett 483). The authors observe that the American drive to the Rhine and the encirclement of the Ruhr by early and Ninth U.S. Armies were the greatest American victory in the war. For them, the U.S. commanders in the campaign were successful as they had a superior understanding of exploitation and maneuver warfare. The U.S military also realized the significance of to a greater extent robust radio communications that would assist infantry platoon. Similarly, the U.S military developed an innovative ability of the accelerator pedal to adjust and mass fires on unseen targets, either by map analysis or, more importantly, by the use of ground or airborne observers (Murray & Millett 30)

Public Perception of Race and Crime Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public Perception of Race and Crime - appointment ExampleFurthermore, the explore design incorporated the use of Computer Assisted Telephone Interviews (CATI). This method was efficacious in the random assignment of questions to the respondent. Consequently, it eliminated potential response biased information. The authors further employed a turnaround analysis of the responses. This was essential in determining the degree of stereotypes in relation perception on offense and policy formulation. Other research designs that could have been incorporated would have been facing to face interviews with the white and mysterious respondents. This would have helped to clearly capture their personal attitudes on racial decisions pertaining to crime and policy formulation.The research had want to prove that the racial stereotypes applied to African-Americans influenced public opinion, especially of the majority whites, on issues of crime policy formulation. To this end, the research employe d the use of Computer Assisted Telephone Interviews to collect data. Consequently, the research findings clearly revealed that the racial stereotyping of the African Americans by whites compete a strong role in influencing public perception of crime and punishment. In particular, whenever the crimes were violent and committed by African American. Moreover, when punitive policies be being formulated, the racial stereotypes attached to the blacks played a major in determining the severity of the punishment. Moreover, the racial stereotypes in formulating criminal policy atomic number 18 also fuelled by the political sentiments pertaining to the crime.To this end, several implications can be drawn from these results. Foremost, the political and social purlieu is still pervaded by racism towards the African American population. This is evident in the formulation of criminal policies that are more punitive to the blacks in comparison to the white population.

Gay marriages in the Military Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Gay marriages in the Military - attempt ExampleIn case of the military machine though, at first jolly and lesbian marriage and word sense were considered stigma and a taboo which may even result in losing involution of the person who indulges in same sex affairs. But with time and passage of antidiscrimination laws, it is becoming a norm and people argon having a rather favourable approach towards this issue. Citizens in general and women in particular, were more likely to favor gay marriage and adoption within the military than were men. Gay marriage jut groups were campaigned mostly by Liberal and Democratic political parties and their followers, especially those who supported ENDA and military. ENDA stands for Employment Non-Discrimination Act, which is a statutory-legislation presented by the U.S Congress. This act veto and restricted discrimination and non-employment on the basis of sexual orientation, it especially applies to the religious fanatics who deprive gays of th eir fundamental employment rights. On the other hand, the Conservatives and Republican groups antagonized this issue and were homophobic towards gay relationships. (Zimmer gentlemans gentleman & Wilcox, 2007). The change in attitude of military towards gay and lesbian alliances, arise from the very fact that the hectic army lifestyle, demands and objectives of warfare actually support their Homosexual identity. Sexual orientation is considered no more a measure of a service mans merit and performance. Homosexuals are as good soldiers as heterosexuals, which is the advent of a rights based military service in which gay rights are identified on an equal opportunity basis. Gay marriages in the military are no more a cause for exclusion self identified gay couples used to hide their identities because of rejection and lack of constitutional support. But now-a-days it is a common practice within the military. Since entirely the

Gun Control Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

gas Control - Research Paper ExampleThis led to the enactment of piece of musics act that sought to regulate ownership through licensing and guidelines for assessing whether an individual was eligible to own a gun. Similar to other laws, the firearm act has seen sevenfold changes and politics over time (Zimring 1). Currently, both the national and state organizations have provisions concerning gun ownership. However, on that point is a diverse opinion of states over the issue. Some states lack any form of regulation art object others have stringent gun control laws Background Information The issue of stringent control of guns in all likelihood emerged in the United States after President J.F Kennedys assassination in 1963. The case gave rise to a heated debate that has caused political criticisms (Carter 34). However, a probe into the American history reveals that gun control has existed since the 1700s. over the centuries, people have had divided opinions about the stringen cy of gun ownership control. Some states have allowed citizens to dole out and own guns while others have maintained strict control of ownership of guns. In 1938, the federal political science declared its stand concerning firearm ownership. ... The law enlisted different categories of individuals that were not legible to owning firearms. People intending to own guns had to be competent and have clean records. In 1972, the emergence of the Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms changed the picture of firearm ownership regulation. This body sought to establish profiles of those seeking to own firearms (Carter 56). The body also strived to exert a form of control to combat the illegal use of firearms. Legal gun ownership involved acquiring of licenses from the body that only granted the license to people meeting all requirements. In 1986, the federal governance enacted an increase of the penalties subject to those possessing firearms without proper licensing. The government also eas ed some previously stringent regulations in aid to protect the owners. However, the easing came with a ban of some bullets the public. In the years that followed, the government amend the laws depending on the prevailing rates (Zimring 1). In the 1990s, the regulation of firearm ownership took a different troll with the emergence of a need to introduce a roll mechanism in trigger. In addition, the government identified some zones that had to remain gun-free and these included schools. In 1994, the government introduced a ban on the shape and merchandise of potentially harmful assault firearms. Towards the close of the century, the suggestions concerning a mandatory lock mechanism in guns caused a heated debate, but did not pass in the senate. However, the government advised manufactures to provide the lock mechanisms as an alternate for interested owners. However, the lock system finally passed in 1999. Other regulations involve the progress limit and storage requirements of the firearms in a bid

Module Four Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Module Four Assignment - Essay good exampleFurther examination would provide the benefit of the doubt and confidence for the company in order to forestall unscrupulous steps toward hasty accusations and figure if reasonable grounds exist in justifying the case whether to a lower place Lauras favor or otherwise.Additionally, Jeremy should consider having to consult the organizations policies and seek counsel of the lettered administration in the presence of all appropriate documents consisting of solid evidences which either confirm or avert the deed in direct reference to falsification of employment information. Regardless of Lauras current traits and on the job(p) performance as an employee, however, Jeremy must keep in mind that in any context, both determination and action of an applicant to falsify his or her personal information duly agreed and signed to be disclosed under legal master requirements by the employer is a grave plague. It should be understood to sufficien t measure as well that prevailing work conditions that take into account Lauras remarkable professional attributes are by no means related to any mild or heavy offense committed by her during the stage of application.As a consequence, Jeremy ought to express in all honesty to Laura the uprightness regarding the companys right to dismiss any employee found to have advanced deception and upright dishonesty on purpose. Breaking it slowly to her, Jeremy may first opt to establish a indicate from which to initiate the conference with Laura so that the latter comes into a gradual and rational discernment of the delicate stance rather than struggle with the moment of abrupt revelation. Eventually, this gives opportunity for Laura to explain her side of the incident and realize in the process the gravity of her fault that deserves the equivalent sanction of dismissal from work. On the other hand, Jeremy must not fail to communicate to Laura how the company has

History of Canadian Labor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

History of Canadian Labor - Essay interpreterWhile plenty of research works paved the way for jotting down crucial historic components related to press history in other countries, there wasnt too much of study materials for the historians to run the labor history of Canada. However, with the publication of the Committee on Canadian Labour History, the history of Canadian labor, oddly the changing context in the working discriminate section, has assumed an authorised dimension. Historically, the working class deal in Canada, despite their contribution to the economic growth and development of the country, and despite the fact that Canada has always depended to a greater extent on factory production than service sectors, has remained in the shadows of negligence. The formation of trade unions in the 1880s and the working class revolt in the beginning of the twentieth century keep back played an important position in shaping the future of Canadian workers. Even to twenty-four hour period, majority of Canadians earn their livelihood from factory w eons. exactly the changing scenario is best reflected in the fact that most labors are not registered to unions in modern day Canada. It might be noted however that labor unions, at present or in the past, have been devising effective strategies to take the workers issues to the respective higher authorities, and this draws the working class into joining unions in banging numbers. This paper is going to critically examine the changing situations in the labor history of Canada, especially amidst 1940 and 1975. Systemization of labor was a major area of focus in Canadian history. This was important because bulk of nations revenues came from big production. In the 1870s, the living environment of labors in Canada was not at all healthy and conducive to productive outcomes. So it was important to build a foundation that could lead to prosperity of the workers for the greater welfare of the nation. Incepted in 1 869 by Philadelphia garment cutters, the Knights of Labor was one of the prominent labor reformist organizations in the late nineteenth century. The main objective of this secret organization was to launch a campaign for coop sequencetion and education among the working class fraternity, without gender or racial bias. The idea of maximizing the potential of skilled labors was given foremost priority. The age of rapid industrialization required deployment of efficient workers to get optimum output. While the experience and competency of oldtimer labors was an asset to the management, the youthful exuberance of the young working class brigade was nothing less an important area of contention.The integration of Canadian capitalism in the twentieth century brought a new era in working class history. Diversification of unions, the impending threat of a cold war, gender biases at workplaces, inconsistent wage structures and frequent workouts did not augur well for the overall economic gro wth of the country. some workers lived a life of perpetual struggle for food, clothing and shelter. New managerial machinery, so to speak, was introduced to downsize excess workers. It sparked the labor unrest all the more as skilled labors did not appreciate the new rules. Earlier in the nineteenth century, majority of workers in Canada enjoyed supremacy at their workplaces. But

The risk and benifits of younger workers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The risk and benifits of preadolescenter workers - shew ExampleThis means that an single(a) who comes in as a fresh graduate at his origin job will subscribe to to be informed about beau monde protocols and how things are make at heart the company. It may take them a day to learn all they need to know for some positions further for others they may take more than a month of dedicated information and may even need continued guidance while they are performing their duties for the company.At the same time, this investment made by the company may not be recuperated or even lead to substantial benefits for the organization if the individual decides to leave the company within a year of joining. In this case, all that the company would have done is to train a person in order to enable them to find a better paid job. Of course retention is also a part of the HR departments duties but training is an investment in people which entails its own risks.On the other hand, there are sign ifi burn downt advantages towards recruiting individuals with diminutive or no experience and the immediately visible business benefit is to the bottom line of the company since a fresh graduate has to be paid a lot less than a person near the age of retirement who can demand a salary which is equal to the one habituated to the companys directors. Of course an older person with experience might be able to beget a lot more to the table but the company has to balance how much it can apply to spend on recruiting and retaining such a star performer or business guru.Additionally, pouring young blood into the company will have the advantage of giving the company modernistic ideas and instant familiarity with new engine room which may not be known to older individuals. Again, in this case training can be useful as exemplified by GE which continually recruited individuals who were intimately familiar with computer technology in order to teach the older people working in much higher po sitions on how to use things such as email and instant messaging (Welch, 2005). Overall, the cost

Public Health in Nursing Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Public Health in Nursing Practice - Essay ExampleThis essay approves that there are several characteristics of the population of the unify Kingdom that can draw attention as they pose threat to the unexclusive health. Among these is the increasing vex that the populations abusive patterns with regard to medicine abuse is drawing. In a report of the UK medicate Policy Commission, the people of UK were identified to be the highest consumer of prohibited drugs in all Europe. This has also resulted to the increase of drug-related deaths which pushed it to the import spot among the European countries with high drug-related deaths statistics as well. Such deaths have been identified to be due to poisoning, drug abuse, or drug dependence This report makes a conclusion that drug abuse and dependence is thence a public health concern that does not only affect the United Kingdom still the rest of the world as well. As a result, local, national and even international programs to respon d to its controvert threats are needed. The demographic trends and the behavior of the British people towards the use of recreational drugs which is identified to be cultural in origin is indeed alarming since it has been related to many severe health conditions and even risks to protection that puts the health of the community as a whole in jeopardy. Although improvement is now apparent, the Government, health organizations and some other related agencies must not only make policies to fight drug abuse as public a concern but also continue to monitor and evaluate these policies for the purpose of public health maintenance and improvement through the use of indicators such as demographic trends.

Ethical Matters Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethical Matters - Research Paper ExampleUniversal obeisanceable regulations are necessary to have considering the fact that, every profession in the world have shown that with come forth ethical principles delivering the life history of that profession is not a guarantee. Consider a profession that deals directly with the life of a mortal. Without ethical principles, any whizz in the profession can violate the rights of the citizens. Coming to the world of business, ethics govern back and frontward the events pertaining to better business. Universal ethical principles in many occasions are a recipe for good leadership and governance. The legislations of laws governing the human nature in a given country have the touch of universal ethics manifested in it. Universal ethics serve to bring unity and uniformity among professionals in their line of duty. It further ensures that there is a clear course to be pursued in addressing the inevitably of the clients. Consider the variou s professionals in the world, without universal ethics, the so far made technological advances, no one knows maybe it would have brought disaster to the world. The 1st fundamental principle of ethics is that of respect for autonomy. Everyone has the obligation to respect the decision of others especially if it concerns their lives. This principle goes a long way in shaping a persons character to the effect that others will appreciate the tolerance they have towards the lifestyle others. The other principle is that of beneficence every individual has an obligation to bring about good things in whatever they muster in in. the third principle is that of nonmaleficence. This principle requires of us not to harm others and if we cannot avoid the harm, our effort should be to derogate the harm. The last fundamental principle is that of justice this principle requires of us to accord others whatever is they are rightly owed. In public life for example, we have an obligation to treat all people equally, fairly, and impartially. Therefore, in the matter where others are case-hardened unfairly, our obligation therefore, will be to work for the benefit those who are unfairly treated (Adler, 1996) From the works of Plato and Aristotle, good life can be termed as being able to live up to the ethical and moral standards in the society. In order to live morally, one must uphold the sum of morality, which does not depend on any benefits coming about by being moral. Consider a situation where one lies for self interest on the contrary, it is expected that everyone can benefit if people agree self denial. People should be able to appreciate their long term interests this is however not the case, around people subscribe to the austere view that justification of moral principles should be independent of our interests (Devettere, 2002). In doing our duties we should be foster a lifestyle in which virtue should be the only reward to enable us assume no other benefit in doin g our duty. To achieve this, people should embrace contend in their lifestyle. More often than not, greed crops in when we are serving others and in the course of event we pauperization to believe that whatever is ours by right is not enough so much, so that we sacrifice what belongs to others. By also embracing the call for duty to serve others, without wanting to mind of what benefits we can get out of it, we can no doubt lead a good life (Adler, 1996) . Ethics can be categorized as

Case report for Harvard Business School Case and solutions to problems Essay

Case report for Harvard Business School Case and solutions to problems in the possibility - Essay ExampleAt times, there ar different other factors apart from these budgeting methods, which should also be kept in mind while making decision. Because when we talk about enthronisation there are two major components return and risk. The budgeting method used in the cases willinging help the decision master in critically analyzing all the available alternatives and choosing the best among them, so that they peck achieve profitable capital flows in future.Investment is defined as present commitment of dollar for a specific term of office in order to generate future stream of cash flows which will be greater than certain dollar amount1. The investor can be an individual, an organization, a government or a pension fund. In asset to this, investor expects a rate of return on the investment as compensation for the time for which they have do investment2. However, there might be some deviation from expected rate of return from certain investments and such(prenominal) deviation is known as investment risk. Therefore, where there is investment there is return and risk.Investment can be of two types financial investment and economic investment. A financial investment refers to commitments in terms of monetary terms in order to generate better future cash flows which can be in a form of interest, premium, dividend etc. However, economic investment refers to making fund commitment which will result in change magnitude of capital stock which includes goods and services.Furthermore, investors are looking for investment opportunities that will increase the current pool of funds in future. Hence, investment analysis refers to finding and opting for investment opportunity that will be giving highest rate of return and is having minimum risk. Thus, investors needs to evaluate all the available investment options and should come up with the best possible scenario3.Organi zations encounter many investment opportunities but the main effect is opting and evaluating the options. Therefore,

Audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Audit - Essay archetypeRecent news that European Parliament has voted for bringing obligatory auditor rotation into the EU component part has once again reminded to the global society about the necessity to improve auditors license and stressed the importance of this measure out. The aim of this research was to provide an overview of the auditors independence and the mandatory auditor rotation and to canvas whether compulsory auditor rotation will improve the overall auditor independence and audit quality. chthonian mandatory auditor rotation, it is understood that a business or a client firm should not retain the same auditor for more than a specified period of time. There are more different views and opinions regarding the correlation between auditors independence and auditor rotation reforms. While some experiments published in the accounting literature indicate on some potential benefits of this measure, other studies illustrate that there is no positive effect for audito r rotation and moreover, it may cause the adverse effect. The majority of opponents believe that mandatory audit firm would not improve audit quality, but will result in change magnitude time and distraction of management, as new auditors will require more time for understanding federations business practices, operations, and financial reporting processes. While there are proponents of mandatory audit rotation, stating that this measure will enable to improve auditors independence, the number of arguments put forward by the opponents of this idea is much greater.

Miu Miu Advertising and Marketing Technique Essay

Miu Miu advertisement and Marketing Technique - Essay ExampleIn 1998 she opened Miu Mius first North American boutique, in Los Angeles.Miu Miu was in fact an addition onto the original Prada line of credit, and was introduced in 1992 as a lower-priced line aimed at a younger audience. The Miu Miu line, which shares Miuccia Pradas nickname, emphasizes earthy colors and a less haute couture look, evoking an overall more bohemian style. (Wikpedia, 2006).Miu Miu is considered to be the youngest and almost dynamic line by Prada. It is known for being a much more fun and sophisticated label and its womenswear is always lovely, making desirable clothes rarely seen before. In its advertising rouses, waif-like models are apply in home photo poses, in order to add onto this bohemian style. And so, named after its creators nickname, Miu Miu was introduced as anti-fashion fashion. The label has a habit of globe-trotting and moved its show to the United States for three seasons starting in 1994. It was in fact i of the first of a number of secondary Italian lines to hop over to New York Fashion Week. In 1997, Miu Miu showed in London for one season before returning again to Milan.Headquartered in Italy with another positioning in New York, they have a wide range of clothing and accessories, including everything from slide sandals to trendy develop skirts and dresses. Miu Miu is considered to be an accessory-strong brand, who has carved out a significantly separate identity from the main Prada line by associating itself with emerging actors, artists and musicians. Indie stars such as Ludivine Sagnier and Selma Blair have populated its advertisements, and Miu Mius forthcoming spring campaign is said to be featuring stars such as Kim Basinger and Camilla Belle. Miu Miu strives to advertise and reach their customers through many different forums, including sell outlets, television, magazines, and online. The reason for this is to allow as many potential customers as p ossible. Although their main consumer target focus is the younger women demographic (20-30), their designs can be worn by women of basically all seasons. The clothes are swish and dressy while still remaining classy and conservative. This assists a great deal in their marketing strategy, in that a larger group of women fall into the wearable category than many other designer brands. some(prenominal) times a brand will focus strongly on a specific age group, whereas Miu Miu seems to have more freedom of choice in that area.Miu Mius look is rather upscale, and they use high smell materials to design each piece of clothing. They continuously purposely aim to primarily sell their clothing lines in high-end designer stores, in order to retain the idea of quality. Their designs are sold alongside other magnificently known designers such as Dolce & Gabbana, Roberto Cavalli, and Versace. Miuccia Prada likes to use a lot of crunchy polyester, parachute nylon, and other synthetic substa nce fabrics. As for colors, the Miu Miu line tends to have many different tones of green, browns, white, cream, and black. In her most recent line of skip/Summer 2006, the Miu

Answer three question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

dish up three question - Essay Exampleyoung girls as heroines, some young enough to be still living at home, for they do not know exactly what to expect from a man, or from life at large. Use of magic realism is a inevitably observed theme, and Bender finds it backbreaking to find a reason to continue. This story begins with gusto and then fizzle out, with weak juxtapose with mapping of multiple plot lines, without much more point than to showcase the skill of the juggler (Bender, 2012).3. Upon reading the legacy, Benders characters typify gender in a relatively expected way, her male and female characters assuming an about perfect binary coherence to one another. Her stories are unique, and do not relate to any prior available literature work.. Examining her text, one cannot ignore her female protagonists relationship to patriarchy (Bender, 2012). This news report finds that Aimee stories are influenced by her life experiences, and she agrees on this by saying she felt her ado lescence was unequipped for all the

Francis Bacon Essay Example for Free

Francis Bacon EssaySir Francis Bacon was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator and author. In 1597 he wrote a short business relationship called Of visit. When I came across the short story in my book Reading Literature and Writing melody I became interested in the story after reading the title. Revenge always happens to be a very interesting topic, typically filled with drama or serveion. by and by reading I began to wait myself some questions. Why might someone seek retaliate? Is penalize ever justify?After I was able to finish reading Of Revenge I decided that I should summarize his story to get a better understanding of his views on visit. I observed that Bacons main argument is that visit is usually something that never produces a good out follow and is typically only viewed as just if it publically deserved. He views retaliation as a perversion of the law. The first wrong is governed by the law and the act of retaliation is outside the law . He states that ignoring a wrong makes a man superior to the somebody who act the first wrong.He then points out that quick of scent men occupy enough to do with the bear witness and the future. Since a wrong in the past cannot be made right, it is best to concentrate on the bewilder and future (academia). So why do muckle do it? I began my research on Google. I thought it would be good to start searching with why do people seek revenge? According to Apa. org, historically, there are two schools of thought on revenge. The Bible, Exodus 2123 instructs us to give life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot to punish an offender. But more than 2,000 long time later, Martin Luther King Jr., responded,The anile law of an eye for an eye leaves everybody blind (APA. org). It seems that the concept of revenge has been in the minds of people since the beginning of time. There are some questions you must ask yourself in order to analyze revenge itself. If someone was to kill a subdivision of your family, are you entitled to killing an equal valued family member of theirs? If someone blows up your residence, are you entitled to blow up the other psyches house? go it whitethorn seem fair in some cases, how much better than the other person are you when you have committed an equal horrible act?These questions made me think about revenge as a whole. It seems that any way you put it, revenge always appears to others as a shun act. While this is great evidence in helping me understand vengeance this unsounded does not justify why people seek revenge. As Francis Bacon states This is certain, that a man that studieth revenge, keeps his own wounds green, which otherwise would heal, and do nearly (Folger. edu) To understand his idea I began to break down the quote. He claims that whenever a man is focused on revenge, it keeps his own wounds green.I feel that by referring to the color green he is actually referring to the sickness of universe possessed by revenge because they plague the wounds and mind. When saying which otherwise would heal hes referring to overcoming the wrong-doing that the others have done upon him that will happen over time anyways. When someone does wrong onto someone else, sometimes they may be plagued with the thoughts of revenge when otherwise things would end there. Still, theres the question is it justified? As I sifted through the links provided on Google, I came upon the website emotionalcompetency.They state that revenge is directed passionately at a specific target with the intent of doing them harm because you believe they have intentionally done you harm (emotional competency). usually people feel they have been attacked in some way or suffered an unjust loss or injury. They are feeling anger, hate, jealousy, envy, and or shame towards the situation. Sometimes people are simply humiliated. If another person made them feel powerless, foolish, ridiculous, stupid, or ashamed peo ple might try seeking revenge against them. other times they may feel they have to defend their honor whether it is for themselves, their family, their ancestors, or another group they tell apart themselves with. So it goes deeper than just hurting someones feelings. This helped me understand that a negatively emotional moment triggered the victim to seek equal damage for another persons actions. You must completely rend ones peace of mind to the extent that they cannot get the issue out of their heads for them to seek revenge upon you. Now that I have analyzed these readings I have come up with a fewer more questions.Just because you are emotionally distraught, does that enable you to seek revenge without punishment to yourself? I must now differentiate a just and an unjust revenge. Bacon then ends by pointing out that public revenge on bad leaders is for the most part fortunate as that for the end of Caesar for the death of Pertinax for the death of Henry the Third of France and many more (psu. edu). He also reminds his reader that undercover revenge is calamitous. While Bacon is in favor of publicly punishing and humiliating authority figures that have done wrong, he still attempts to appeal to a higher sense of moral superiority (enotes).Bacon points out that ignoring a wrong makes a man superior to the person who committed the first wrong. Since nothing can change past events, wise men, Bacon claims, are able to live in the future and disregard past wrongs that they have suffered (Academia). So we come back to the same questions. Why might someone seek revenge? Is revenge ever justified? Francis Bacon in his short story Of Revenge discusses that revenge is usually something that never produces a good military issue and is typically only viewed as just if it publicly deserved.He lists the just deaths of a few old world leaders while appealing to a higher morality by believing that private revenge is just as bad. This essay has slightly swayed my v iew on revenge. It helped me open my eyes to the item that I would be no better than my oppressor if I sought to vengefully harm them. He ends with the net statement Nay rather, vindictive persons live the life of witches who, as they are mischievous, so end they unfortunate(psu. edu) The people who live the lives of negative, vengeful people will have to suffer the consequences of their way of living.

Miscommunications in the Workplace Essay Example for Free

Mis dialogues in the Workplace EssayRecently we buzz off had two of our retailers fill us with problems regarding ship manpowerts they have encounterd or have failed to receive. I know this is not the first quantify this has happened that I would like to minimize the possibilities of it happening again. It seems the root of our problem is miscommunication in the work. As a transportation system manager that has seen this kind of issue in the lead in past work experiences and I see I know what we offer do to solve our breakdown in communication between the various de ramifyments, retailers, and co-workers. As CFO I know you forget see this proposal can benefit the company both(prenominal) financially and operationally.First, I extend that the company implement a required form of communication. I view hand written notes argon a thing of the past and that we should upgrade our communication requirements to electronic mail. If we had an netmail only policy we could ha ve record of all communication on file without the risk of losing a post-it note. E-mail too includes the option of a fill receipt, which forgos the user to know when the receiver has opened and read the message or if they have not seen the message yet and another form ofcommunication, such as a phone call, might be required to meet a deadline. The policy might also include that all e-mails must receive a reply no matter how simple the message.I can head a short meeting at the give the axe of the day to cover the slaying of this plan. The idea here is to eliminate hand written notes as well as informal communication such as instant messengers and social network communications. We get out posit to upgrade a fewer of the employees company cell phones and instruct them on how to use e-mail on these devices. Even though e-mails are good for keeping a history of communications, public relations expert Lisa Elias states, When delivering delicate information, pick up the phone. A ge ntle tone of voice can soften bad news or draw out warmth and caring, whereas an email or text can easily be misconstrued, (Kouremetis 2013).Although e-mail can armed service eliminate the outside forms of communication, another possible resolution would be to implement task management parcel into the office. This alone may solve the issue. There are many different task management programs forthcoming but one that has caught my eye is AtTask, which is used by corporations such as HBO, Samsung, and Adobe. AtTask will allow us to run a free trial of the software prior to purchasing and claims the product will allow us to see what is going on with our projects, if we are on clock time, and when it will be done (Services, 2012).You will even have access to the task manager to see what is going on in our merchant vessels bay. AtTask even has an integrated communications technology that allows for instant messaging between co-workers and a notes system for the lymph gland list. Tha t way, if one person speaks with a client of ours and they request a change to their order he can enter the message in the clients message folder and we can all receive the notification solid to our smart phones and computers.Even though, task management software will ultimately benefit company wide of the mark communication, another area that lacks focus is education on the subject matter of the workplace. A few of these men have worked here for over ten years and they know every part number by memory, but communication technology is outgrowing these few at a rapid pace. On the other end of thespectrum, these younger men have keen senses of current technological advancements, but they could use some more(prenominal) time in learning the step-by-step carry outes we face on a daily basis. I propose that we run a workshop meeting once every two weeks for a total of eighter from Decatur weeks to teach the young ones about the process of shipping from us, the supplier, to the consu mer/retailer.This workshop could possibly be run during hours if the time comes available, but will most likely need to take place on Saturday from 1200 p.m. until 200 p.m. The instructors will be chosen from 3 of our most experienced workers who will earn overtime from these especial(a) hours. A separate workshop on communication technology for the employees that have been here should happen once a week for an hour, probably on Wednesday evenings after work. The employees will be eligible for overtime with this tautological hour on the job. I believe that being educated on the subject matter of the workplace is vital to our success.In addition to knowledge of the workplace being significant, another part of the communication process that has lacked in certain areas is feedback. Feedback is one of the four major communication functions (Belch 2012). It is the key to knowing your communication was successful. We need to emphasize in the training process that it is okay to ask quest ions. I have seen it happen before where someone is afraid to ask a question for fear of disapproval only to have to go back re-work what has been done. Asking the right questions can help us to do it right the first time (D.I.R.T.Fi.T.). I feel the previously mentioned workshops would be a great time to re-emphasize the importance of inquire questions. Also, as mentioned in the first proposal, all e-mails must receive a reply or they will be followed up with a phone call.We must remember that sometimes in order to receive feedback it must be asked for. After explaining a work order or process it is vital to ask, Do you understand? or Do you have any questions for me? Another way of obtaining feedback would be through personal technology. With our smartphones and office computers we can send a more personal message with FTF video conferencing. Google Hangouts are part of the Google suite of applications that support multi-party video chat as well as other Google applications inclu ding Sketch-UP, Docs, Spreadsheets, Presentations, and screen share and these types of technologies are being recommended asteaching formats to doctors and professors around the globe (Roseth, 2013).In conclusion, I do believe there is work to be done in regards to the communication process in the workplace. I have proposed four strategies to minimize the possibility of future communication breakdowns. Please do not hesitate to contact me with any questions you may have. You may decide to choose one or to integrate all four, the filling is yours, but I do ask that you please take your time in considering the possibilities and I do trust you will choose what is best for the company.ReferencesBelch, G. E., Belch, M. A. (2012). Advertising and Promotion An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective, 9th Edition. tonic York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin.Kouremetis, D. (2013). Choosing Communication Methods Wisely for Your Small Business. Forbes. Retrieved from http//www.forbes.com/site s/denakouremetis/2013/01/28/choosing-communication-methods-wisely-for-your-small-business/Roseth, C. (2013). Blending Synchronous Face-to-face and Computer-Supported Cooperative Learning in a Hybrid Doctoral Seminar. Techtrends Linking Research Practice To Improve Learning, 57(3), 54-59.Services. (2012). AtTask software services retrieved from http//www.attask.com/services

An Embarrassing Moment Essay Example for Free

An Embarrassing Moment EssayOne day my friend and I where acquiring ready to go out of town to Houston, Texas where we would be attending a Southern Football game. We where so excited about exit because it was the only time that we actual go somewhere without our parents al expressive styles slightly us. While packing our things we decided that we need a new outfit and a new duette of shoes. First we made sure to finish packing all the small but necessary items equivalent toothbrush, comb, toothpaste, and comb. Then we borrowed my sister car to go hunting for I new outfits and shoes.Our first stop was Gonzales to this minor strip mall that we like to shop at but we didnt have any fortune finding what we were looking for that day. So we made our way to Cortana mall and look around in a few stores my friend found some shoes that she purchased and I have found a raiment that I purchased. After leaving Cortana my friend still needed an outfit and I need to breeze through my outfit and get some shoes. We took a break from shopping and got some lunch to eat. Then we so decided to go to the mall of Louisiana to continuing looking for our new things.Upon arrive at the Mall of Louisiana we stopped a Dillards to check out there selection of shoe leaving Dillards we saw these two amazing looking guys. We decided to follow them to get a fall apart look us trying to follow them with out it being obvious. They stopped in this urban disclose store where they where looking at so throwback jerseys. We were acting like we were looking at the throwback dresses next to the mens jerseys that they were looking at. I looked away for a minute to look at the dress my friend had in her hand and they were gone. My friend turned around to look in the mirror and bumped the mannequin it fell right on me and I fell to the ground. The two guys were standing behind us and started cracking up laughing.The salesperson in the store helped me up and fixed the mannequin back the w ay it was suppose to be. I was so embarrassing will never go to the mall with her again.

IRAC Brief Essay Example for Free

IRAC Brief EssayAccording to United States soil royal court partition of Massachusetts Civil Action 11-10313-GAO (2013), Anderson, Silva, Johnson and Funches contracted through a limited obligation society by the name of SLS to perform delivery assistants work on behalf of HDA (United States District chat up District of Massachusetts, 2013).Plaintiffs CaseEach driver was provided with their truckTrucks provided to the contractors bore Sears LogoUniforms bore both Sears and HDA passwordEach driver hired their helpers and paid their helpers directly Drivers worked full-time and solely for HDA (while under contract) (United States District greet District of Massachusetts, 2013)HDAs ArgumentPlaintiffs contracted through SLS and not directly with HDA as individuals therefore, HDA should not be a litigant in this depicted object Mass. Gen. honors ch. 149, 148B is preempted by the Federal Aviation Administration Authorization Act, 49 U.S.C (See Case 111-cv-10313-GAO Documen t 99 Filed 12/30/13 Page 3 of 5) (United States District hail District of Massachusetts, 2013) IRACIssueThe issues below are the reasons this case has been brought to court. The court moldiness provide the answers to these reasons in order to begin the rule assessment portion of IRAC (1) Were the plaintiffs (Anderson, Silva, and Funches) misclassified as independent contractors by HAD? (2) Were deductions taken from plaintiffs wages in violation of wage laws?RulesBelow are the rules found in Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 149, 148B. These rules mustiness be applied to the facts of the case to assess the fault or culpability of the litigants. Below is cited via United States District judicial system District of Massachusetts Civil Action 11-10313-GAO (2013). (1) The individual is free from control and focusing in connection with the (2) Performance of the dish up, both under his contract for the performance of service and in fact and the service is performed outside the usual course of th e business of the employer and (3) The individual is customarily engaged in an independently constituted trade, occupation profession or business of the same nature as that involved in the service performed. (United States District Court District of Massachusetts, 2013)ApplicationWhen looking at the mass general law 149 section 148B, we can apply the three stipulations of the law to the case against HDA violating this law. The plaintiffs in the case were acting solely for the purposes of HDA as a delivery service wearing both the seniors and HDA logos on uniforms provided to them. None of the drivers worked outside of the mountain chain of work on subcontracts for any other provider other than HDA, and fin in ally, each driver performed these duties under the direction of HDAs vision. It is clear in this case that circumstances are such that every appearance and performance of duties was through with(p) in a way to appear that they were solely employees of HDA in that HDA has vi olated Mass customary Law on salary and wages (United States District Court District of Massachusetts, 2013).When applying this to business setting the business entity hiring subcontractors must stipulate in a written contract as to whether the employee is to be treated as a subcontractor under a 1099 tax form or as a subcontract employee for the business. Under the assumptions do in mass general law 149 subsection 148B, subcontractors are deemed employees if they meet certain criteria within the law. This criteria is well determined under general operating practices and business owners should be aware of these criteria before hiring subcontractors (United States District Court District of Massachusetts, 2013).Analysis/ConclusionPlaintiffs (Anderson, Silva, and Funches) were misclassified as independent contractors by HDA. It was found that deductions were taken from plaintiffs wages in violation of wage laws. Thus, findings were established through determining that HDA violated the law in place (Mass General Law on Salary and Wages). For the foregoing reasons, the plaintiffs Motion for Partial Summary Judgment as to liability against HDA (dkt. no. 65) is GRANTED. It is SO ORDERED.Business Managerial Setting ApplicationThere are numerous torts to assume when reviewing Anderson v HDA (1) Intentional Tort a civil matter resulting in an intentional act of damages. (2) un testamented Tort civil matter unintentional acts that results in economic loss, property damage, or physical injuries. (3) lieu Torts occur when ones enjoyment of their private property is interfered with by either acts of trespass or illegal variety of the private property. (4) Negligence a civil matter resulting damages due to the lack of care or duty that is owed. (5) Strict Liability Torts can be criminal or civil and culpability or finding of fault is not a factor, to name a few. The tort that is evident in the case of Anderson v HDA is an Unintentional Tort resulting in an act of eco nomic loss. The wage deduction and mis-classification of employment side endure led to the loss of wages and possible benefits to the plaintiffs and their helpers.The issues that arose in the Anderson v HDA civil lawsuit could save been avoided by utilizing an effective take chances management process for contracts review and management. Co-employment issues arise in the third party relationships due to the unknown, so it is beneficial to know as much as possible about all relationships that are encompassed for the work at hand. Understanding the Torts liabilities that can arise in the areas of contract language and negotiations will ensure that liabilities are managed early in the relationship building process. An effective way to manage this risk is to identify the gaps that may exist with employment status classification, ensure that necessary tax forms are completed, oversee direct partnership and obtain direct partnership attestations regarding their directrelationship wi th their contractors. The next step is to have an ongoing control mechanism in place to monitor regulations and update business checklist and standard accomplishment procedures.ReferenceUnited States District Court District of Massachusetts. (2013). Civil Action 11-10313-GAO. Retrieved from United States District Court District of Massachusetts, website.

How Is the Story Told in Chapter 1 of the Great Gatsby Essay Example for Free

How Is the myth Told in Chapter 1 of the Great Gatsby Essay by means ofout chapter one of The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald varies in technique to ordinate the story. He uses the graphic symbol Nick Carraway to start off the chapter by having him narrate. And throughout Chapter 1 we are introduced to many an(prenominal) other characters such as Tom, Jordan, Daisy and Gatsby. The use of narrational voice is very important in The Great Gatsby as Fitzgerald has created the character Nick, not only to narrate the story, but also be a key psyche in the novel. This adds a personal touch, but it could also make parts of story bias or inaccurate. We get hinted at this inaccuracy when Nick says I have been drunk twice in my life, and the second quantify was that afternoon. We smoke see that his narration may be inaccurate as he was under the check of alcohol, so he may not be able to remember parts of the story so well. Each character is described through the narrators voice and theref ore the perceptions and thoughts of each character are effected by Nick and his views. The personal delivery of the story compels us to read on.This is polish up to Nicks creative style of telling the story. Fitzgerald has created the character Nick to essentially tell the story and to have the probability to add personal judgements. Although the character repeatedly admits that he doesnt make these judgements this is a contradictory statement, and throughout the introductory chapter Nick continually breaks this. The first few pages can be described as a outline summary of Nick Carraway and his life where as a referee we begin to create and establish our perceptions of his character.Through the early summary, In my younger and more , Nick is summarising his life it is as if he is shortening and apace describing snap shots of his life. Fitzgerald has created the character of Nick as a participant of the story, although he is more of a spectator. The picture beginning summary is then followed by And so it happened that on a warm windy evening.. which can mark the beginning of the narrative and again shows the clever way that Fitzgerald has used Carraways character as a participant and a writer of the Gatsby story.This narrative technique focuss the readers attention and creates a link between the reader and the character of Nick as it feels like he is personally relaying the story. Whereas through the later stages of the Chapter the other girl, Daisy, do an attempt is much more descriptive and film like. Overall Fitzgerald uses different techniques to tell the story on Chapter 1. One of these being, having Nick not just be a narrator but also a character. This adds to the overall delivery of not just Chapter 1 but the whole novel.

Introduction to Early Childhood Education - Assessment Essay Example for Free

gateway to primaeval chelaishness teaching Assessment EssayIdentify THREE fictitious character indicators relevant to untimely babehood education and discuss why they be most-valuable for children, parents, and/or society. 300 words. The first quality indicator relevant to early childhood education would be people. Letting your child learn in an milieu where the teachers and assistants are expert, well-trained and the majority of them hold qualifications in the area. They should be able to fully understand your childs needs, communicate well with them ensuring they make your child feel safe and comfortable being near them. They should similarly be trusted and respected by staff, parents and children. The come in or environment would be the chip indicator. The learning environment should make all children feel welcome regardless of the cultural, ethnic or actors line background. They should be able to provide a variety of, materials, equipment and play activity ar averd to encourage children to learn. A stimulating open-air(prenominal) environment that challenges and motivates children to explore, run and play is also important.An environment where they feel safe, and where parents adjudge assemble their child, and feel comfortable knowing they are there. They should be able to feel secure in the environment they are in and to know their children can only benefit from being there. Programme the third indicator. A quality learning programme should provide lots of learning opportunities in a wide invest of disparate areas (reading, water play, sand play, dress-up, science, social play). A variety of activities either working in scummy groups or individual interactions with teachers.Parents should be able to BEd111 opening to Early childishness Education Assessment 20120778 Tourmaline Munday- make 2 to understand themselves about what their child is learning, having good communication with the centre employees, knowing what is going o n and understanding their ways etc. an eye out being a parent and understanding the centres way. Teachers should endlessly build trusting relationships with parents while always respecting and supporting different families cultures and languages.Reference List(ASPECTS OF QUALITY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION Valerie N. Podmore and Anne Meade With Anne Kerslake Hendricks, 2000) (Collins Concise Dictionary, 2001, p. 1224). (Gibbs, C. (2006). To be a teacher Journeys towards authenticity. Auckland Pearson Education. ) BEd111 Introduction to Early Childhood Education Assessment 20120778 Tourmaline Munday- Cooper 3 Identify TWO early childhood services in your community. Briefly condone their history and then compare and contrast their philosophies, educational goals and the strategies employed to achieve these goals.450 words. Montessori is a philosophy and method of education pioneered by the Italian educationalist Dr Maria Montessori (The first Montessori school undefendable in 190 9, the first Waldorf school in 1919 and the first Playcentre in the 1930s) Montessori casa dei bambini or childrens house was first clear in San Lorenzo, Rome, Italy. Dr Maria Montessori recognised that the first six years of a childs tone are the most important. Dr Montessori, trialled many an(prenominal) materials and activities, but kept only those to which the children were spontaneously and repeatedly drawn.Playcentre began in 1941 in the main as a support service to women left raising children alone due to partners being away with the Second World War. Lack of transport and low family incomes were the reality for many women. Playcentres original aims were to provide leisure time for mothers and opportunities for the social development of the pre-school child (Stover, 1998, p. 3). Playcentre is a stimulating environment, they provide a diverse and sizable range of experiences, unlimited free play across all 16 areas of play, and a child initiated curriculum.Montessori ha s a real structure and is based on their profess philosophy unlike playcentre. Playcentre is a parent run co-operative it relies heavy on parental in put in, participation and support. Montessori aim is to provide an environment with structure and activities that meet the needs of the children and by giving them freedom to move and act within it, it was said that Dr Montessori had revealed the true nature of the child. Their philosophy is aimed for Children to be encouraged to be firmly grounded in reality before being exposed to fantasy.Montessori classrooms are genuinely BEd111 Introduction to Early Childhood Education Assessment 20120778 Tourmaline Munday- Cooper 4 quiet, as children are deep absorbed in their work. They input this by managing the classroom materials into six areas (Practical Life Exercises, Sensorial Material, Art, Mathemartics, language, cultural subjects, and also physical is brought into their daily routine). Playcentre however is marked by a stimulatin g environment, providing a diverse and rich range of experiences, unlimited free play across all 16 areas of play, and a child initiated curriculum.Their views and goals are to promote childrens learning through play, Family involvement ( based on the importance of parents as educators of their sustain children) They like to View children as people who are strong and capable and can make their own choices about how and where to play (childinitiated play). Playcentre teachers are trained parents who take quite a men on flak and implement learning, utilise a lot of open ended questions to extend childrens thinking. Montessori and playcentre harbor different methods. Both focus on the wellbeing of children, and befriend promote them to learn and grow through many different approaches.The key difference between Playschool and Montessori is that at playschool the whole family joins, rather than it upright being a provider of education for the child. Reference List (Pre-schoolers P reschool Education Types of Early Childhood wield KYLIE VALENTINE 2010) (Stover, 1998, p. 3). May, H. (2002, Winter). Early childhood care and education in Aotearoa New Zealand An overview of history, policy and curriculum. McGill Journal of Education BEd111 Introduction to Early Childhood Education Assessment 20120778 Tourmaline Munday- Cooper 5.Discuss THREE of the following meaning(a) factors which were covered in this course and that promote health and safety in early childhood centres and explain the role of the early childhood practitioner in promoting and implementing these factors 1. Providing a safe environment 2. Providing a healthy and clean environment 3. Identifying and responding to childhood illness Providing a safe environment Being a teacher, marrow constantly observing children and setting safety rules for them to create a safe centre. This is only part of the process.Teachers mustiness always watch for hazardous situations. Toys, equipment, electrical appli ances, hot water, and cleaning supplies can pose danger to children. concentre vehicles and the building itself can also be hazardous to children. As well as outdoor activities, veritable heights and lengths of equipment need to be suitable for the environment as these pose a danger to children also. geographic expedition is an important part of a childs growth and development, and increased independence. However, that exploration should take place in an environment that is as free of hazards as possible (MoH, 1997, p.71). ).The teachers role in identifying and removing or minimising potential hazards is vital. (See Moe, 2008, HS12-16, p. 19) A teachers first job should be to look at the environment where the children are going to play first thing in the morning, if there is anything unusual, broken or out of place that could be risk. Toy safety is another, choosing the items correctly the item itself, size, if it is appropriate for their age, etc. pick safe toys and materials g reatly reduces the risk of serious injury. Small things can cause serious harm, e. g. choking.However as a teacher, you must supervise children at all times when using BEd111 Introduction to Early Childhood Education Assessment 20120778 Tourmaline Munday- Cooper 6 the toys/playing. Creating rules for the children helps implement the importance of safety to them as well. Providing a hygienic and clean environment In an Early childhood centre it is essential that all equipment is cleaned daily/hebdomadary/monthly everything is to be sanitised/disinfected especially With children having access to all sorts of equipment daily (putting toys in their mouths, several hands touching the toys etc.) It is very important for learning environments to be clean and safe as Germs can easily beam fast among children who play together. (Air, coughing, sneezing, Body waste and fluids, faeces, urine, saliva, mucus, skin, wounds, parasite, Blood, viruses and bacteria). Teachers should encourage chil dren to also get complex with personal hygiene, getting them to blow their noses on tissues, washing hands before and after eating, or using the bathroom, this shows them how to help stay clean. The importance of effective hand-washing for educators and children cannot be over-emphasised.Hand-washing is essential following animal handling, rubbish removal, outdoor activities, nose blowing, toileting and preceding food handling and consumption (MoH, 1997) There are more strategies teachers influence to keep a safe healthy environment such as when a new child starts they dialogue about immunisation (immunisation charts) and excursion if a child is ill. These hygiene practices can likely reduce the spread of germs or uncleanliness in learning settings and it is essential to have a cleaning schedule.Identifying and responding to childhood illness Early childhood teachers should be able to tell the signs and symptoms of an ill child . They should provide appropriate care for a child wh o is unwell. Sick children are usually have no interest in play, have BEd111 Introduction to Early Childhood Education Assessment 20120778 Tourmaline Munday- Cooper 7 little energy, short tempered and upset, may want to be held and comforted, fever, vomiting or diarrhoea. Parents should be notified, so they can come and collect their child.It is important to isolate the child from the group to prevent infecting others. A staff member must supervise the child closely, as a young childs condition can change rapidly and they may need urgent attention. Children should always be reminded to also help stop spreading illness, they need to be given an idea, they may not understand the detail but as simple as reminding them to put their hand over their mouth when they sneeze or cough, grabbing a tissue when needed etc. rung must always enforce hygienic care.Staff with Appropriate first aid should be administered to help with a situation where a child needs tending too e. g. If they are h urt, and need wounds cleaned and banded. The Ministry of wellness (1997) advises that children should stay away from early childhood services when they are ill. Depending on your childcare provider they to have their own policy towards the issue. Teachers are not expected to diagnose conditions, that is what the doctors are for. However, having knowledge of how certain illnesses manifest, spread, and cut across is very important.Having a first aid certificate is a positive in the childcare constancy having the knowledge of what to do in certain situations, it benefits the children and the centre. Reference List Auckland Regional Public wellness Service. (May 2010). Health safety guidelines for early childhood centres. Retrieved 19th September, 2011, fromhttp//www. arphs. govt. nz/Portals/0/Health%20Information/PDFs/ECC_HealthSafet yGuidelines. pdf Childcare illness from http//www. careforkids. com. au/articlesv2/article. asp? ID=71 (Ministry of Health, 1997).

Toyota Product Development System Essay Example for Free

Toyota Product Development establishment Es phraseToyotas LPDS starts with the customer who is represented by the headman Engineer. Toyota uses the Chief Engineers plan paper as a guiding tool to range thinking on the planning impact. They in reality efficiently use the Obeya (big room) to bring together the members of divergent teams and allows them to function as a unit. The teams atomic human action 18 social organisationd so that all of the voices that need to be heard, from the designers to the managers of the factory, who shadow provide input on the impact decisions allow for re parcel out on the lamers and the final produce, are there. unrivalled of the advantages to Toyotas process is that it allows them to retain valuable employees. Their agreement of Creating a Leveled Product Development Process Flow means that workers provide not be all overworked and will be able to focus their full attention on the project at hand. When the project is finished, t hey are provided with new challenges to help them grow. The process of debut is woven into the fabric of the cheek. Toyota supplements its processes with a coating that is finely aline with the process.They constitute as well as developed a number of tools to serve the process such as the already mentioned Obeya, a corpse of checklists which until recently were kept in terce ring binders, Hansei, teardowns, A3 reports which summarize problems and help to find alignment. All of the processes at Toyota are elevatedly regularised, and their culture ensures that the lastardization process continues. Toyota has a corporate organize that reinforces and perpetuates itself. Sakicki Toyoda learned the loom business from the ground up, and this instilled in him a belief that to be conquestful, one mustiness understand all aspects of the business.He used this knowledge to build an empire and it his conviction that one must learn by doing that still guides the thinking of Toyota employees. Power is gained done merit with all orchestrates working their demeanor up through the ranks. Unlike separate automakers who hire the outgo and brightest out of college and immediately give them a ample deal of accountability, Toyota takes the best and brightest (discovered through a rigorous and in high pumpsly selective process) and has them go through a mentoring system where they are judged at each phase of the training.It is a socialization process that produces an employee who is train in Toyota standards and procedures. It takes numerous years for a new sleep withr to be given a large responsibility such as a Chief Engineer. Consequently, the Chief Engineer is imbued with respect, as the holy organization knows that soul has obtained the rank through perseverance, hard work, accomplishment and a deep understanding of the Toyota Way. Toyota is fiercely loyal to its employees, retaining them notwithstanding in times of economic downturn.Even employee s who are not living up to Toyotas rigorous standards are retained, however, they are given jobs with no responsibility a great humiliation in an environs that values arrive atment. This has given Toyota a reputation as an excellent employer, and jobs there are highly prized. whiz ingests when one takes a job at Toyota that you are a highly valued part of the family, and the success of the rest of the family rests directly with you. This surely makes new employees dig into their work with great zest and humility.By per use from the ground up, the workers are able to gain insight into the whole development process. They can see how their work literally fits into the larger organise. This harmony is further reinforced by their mantra of Customer commencement ceremony. When trade-offs are presented, the overruling concern is that of the designer, as the designer is the customer. For items that are not necessarily Customer First issues, Toyota has developed trade-off curves and decision matrices to standardize decision-making. PROCESS PRINCIPLESAnyone who has spent a long time at Toyota will have absorbed the Toyota Way. The processes of the LPDS will be firmly engrained in minds of the employees. It is difficult to separate the lean thinking of Toyota employees from the LDPS. They reinforce each opposite. The process principles of LPDS are a manifestation of the lean thinking that is a part of Toyotas culture. By delimit the customer as the starting point of the entire LPDS process, Toyota is able to align the thinking of the entire organization. It also sets the goal of eliminating waste to greater serve the needs of the customer.Other companies have tried to adopt Toyotas processes without success. This is due to the fact that the process is only one part of Toyotas success, the other, and in some instances, more compelling part of the success, is Toyotas ability to construct a culture indoctrinated in that process. The culture subverts ego, and t urns problems into attainment opportunities. Toyota has developed the almost effective knowledge job shop in the automotive industry. It beauty lies in its ability to bring together representatives of all facets of the production process in harmony.In thinking or so Goldratts principle of identifying and bottlenecks, you can see that Toyota has developed a process to dramatically reduce the number of bottlenecks it will face. By using standardization of parts and platforms and bringing in the right representatives to the Obeya to discuss problems in the beginning they are built into the design, Toyota is able to smooth out the potential bottlenecks before they occur. There is a great deal of alignment between all members of the team, so one is not operating in a vacuum trying to work problems without seeing how your solution fits into the larger product.Toyotas focus on a leveled product development process also helps to eliminate bottlenecks by keeping the batches of work at a m anageable level, eliminating variability and keeps utilization levels constant. As mentioned before, standardization is extremely important in creating a triple-crown innovation environment. Standardization creates a common language that fosters greater communication. It even promotes communication of best practices over time as the best practices are engrained in the process by being adopted a standards.It enhances the scheduling process by allowing anticipation in the schedule, which in turn tends to great synchronization of efforts. It allows platforms, engine room and subsystems to be reused in different designs saving time and money. As a result of their standardization process, Toyota is a lot able to eliminate the expensive prototyping phase of vehicle development. This can be done because with so many tried and true components being used in consistent ways, prototyping would be redundant. Standardization is one the list element to Toyotas speed in developing new vehicl es.PEOPLE PRINICPLES Toyota uses a matrix system earlier than a skunk works operation to develop new vehicles, Toyotas LPDS is fully integrated into Toyotas structure. They assemble a cross functional team that has representatives from the full range of functions involve with design, manufacturing and sales. Unlike other cross functional teams, where there is some ambiguity as to who the employee serves, Toyota is able to get an extremely high level of productivity out of them. This is due to several factors.Toyotas culture where employees have a high level of trust for one another and deep understanding of the process thanks to the leadership to the Chief Engineer. The Chief Engineer (CE) is the head of the development project. This view is given to a senior engineer with a proven track record as an outstanding engineer and as one who is successful in using the Toyota Way. Management chooses CEs based on their ability to handle challenges and then tasks them with developing a ve hicle that satisfies an overarching strategic direction.The CE acts as the voice of the customer who is the main focus of the LPDS. As such, the CE articulates the overall ideal for the vehicle in a concept paper. This concept paper is the guiding principle that aligns the entire team working on the project. The CE is not the direct supervisor of the engineers working on the program, however, the CE does have full responsibility for the designs success from development through sales and the concept paper ensures accountability. Unlike the heavyweight project managers the CE is imbued with more authority.Even without direct supervisory responsibilities, the position of CE is highly revered within the Toyota organization and commands great respect. Many within the Toyota family strive to achieve the role of CE. In fact, it is the continual striving for excellence that has helped Toyota to develop and maintain a culture of continuous learning. When an employee starts at Toyota, they undergo a long mentoring and socialization process. The socialization process that Toyota employees go through instills them with the spirit of Kaizen, which says that there is always an opportunity to learn and that learning is ongoing.This is reinforced by Toyotas practices of Hansei (reflection). Toyota builds in time and encourages its workers to pervert back and reflect on the work that they are doing. Toyotas culture that embraces problems, because problems combined with Hansei can lead to Kaizen. This gives them a huge advantage over American car companies were problems are not valued and plurality will often cover up problems that they are having in order to maintain their status. By not embracing their problems, the problems get compounded as they are often discovered too late. TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGYThe best thinking to be used in choosing supporting technology is to think about it in basis the broader framework of your telephoners people and processes. Toyota uses this t hinking very effectively. At Toyota, technologies do not stand alone. On the contrary, their product development systems are all seamlessly integrated into their V-Comm system. This enables information to be passed quickly and efficiently to all team members. Toyota also adheres to a belief that technology should support your processes and not drive it. trunk of process is valued at Toyota more highly than keeping up with the latest advancement.They chose technology to solve specific problems and do not look for a one size fits all solution. Finally, Toyota makes sure that the expert solutions are the right size for the problem rather than constantly going for the biggest and best. While Toyota uses this principled go about to technology, their tools that support successful innovation and organizational learning are not technology driven. Along with the V-Comm system mentioned earlier One of the first tools that is used is the CEs concept paper. This paper is used to align the t hinking of the product development team.It provides enough guidance that it allows the team to work in harmony, but at the same time, it gives the team enough flexibility that they are able to be creative. They also use a simple device called the A3 report, which distills problems and solutions down to their essence. It is really the process of reducing a problem to one canvas of paper that helps to hone the thinking and promote learning. However, the A3 also facilitates increased communication. They also use teardown analysis performed by the engineers who are working on the project and have a system of checklists that provide guidelines for product design.One of the most effective tools in Toyotas arsenal is their constant and codified post-mortem process of Hansei. The standardization of Toyotas processes allows the learning from this reflection to be captured and implemented. THREE CONCEPTS In looking at Toyota, one might say that they are an ambidextrous organization. Or one c ould say that they are successful because they have achieved a wet balance between the red and green quadrants of the Competing Values Framework. Much like Dell computers, Toyotas culture looks very red on the surface.The strict adherence to checklists and standardization seem to indicate a company that is focused on control. But like Dell, the rigorous structures that the put in place are actually innovative (green). And in fact, the reason that Toyota and Dell are able to be successfully innovative is that they have these supporting structures in place. It is an interesting dichotomy to be at once extremely controlled and very innovative. However, by balancing these two aspects of the corporate culture, Toyota has gained great success.Toyota has also developed strategies that help it to avoid the enemies of innovation. First they use standardization to speed the innovation process to avoid lengthy development times. Second, by using tools like the concept paper, the Obeya, Hansei and standardization they are able to coordinate their efforts to a high degree. Third, they have come to grips with the risks that they are willing to take and have a high degree of trust throughout the organization. Finally, the CE truly understands the customer and has done much anthropological work to foster that understanding.KEY TAKE-AWAYS There were three main take-aways I gained from reading The Toyota Product Development System 1. Creating a culture that is aligned with your strategic goals is the greatest goal a manager could achieve. The Toyota LPDS works because it is engrained in the culture of the organization. The great reward for an engineer is to become a CE and lead a team in producing something that will best serve the needs of the customer. In order to become a CE, you have to demonstrate that you can work effectively within the systems of Toyota.This gives one a great incentive to work within the structure of Toyotas system. 2. Do not let technology drive your p rocess, let your process drive technology. I was amazed to learn that a company with such advanced capabilities in development used checklist bound in three-ring binders to ensure that its processes were followed. It seems that most people, including myself, feel that newer and faster technology will lead to productivity breakthroughs. We are usually disappointed with the results. Toyota shows us that the problem is that technology without a solid process to back it up seldom works.If one can find technology that will improve a successful process, then it has great potential to have that breakthrough quality we expect. Toyota did this with their V-Comm system, which made the information previously stored in three-ring binders more accessible. 3. Structure leads to greater innovation It always seem counter-intuitive to me that by being more structured, one could be more creative. Having been trained as an artist, I often bristled at structure and standardization as I felt it suppress ed creativity. But Toyotas LPDS made me realize that structure is the platform that allows innovation to happen.I then began to realize that within jazz music, there is a great deal of standardization. Jazz musicians spend years studying chord progressions, scales and modes and learning the songs that make up the jazz repertoire. They also spend years listening to other players and absorbing many of their ideas. This provides a foundation for musicians to communicate. Many people often ask me how it is that a convocation of jazz musicians who have never met before can come together for the first time and create great music together.It is because of the standardization of the repertoire that they are able to do that. The musicians know and understand the structure of a song and the rules for performing. This provides them with a common language to communicate their ideas to each other. In my own business, I see increasing our standardization preventing us from constantly reinventing the wheel. It is the best ways to promote and capture organization learning. The great challenge will be to change the culture, which I have created, from one that is adverse to structure to one that embraces it.

Reflections on the Black Race Essay Example for Free

Reflections on the Black Race EssayThat the issue of Obamas racial background is much talked about in terms of his fitness for the US presidency only proves this that we Americans have a long modal value to go in our pursuit of adherence to the ideals of our declaration of independence. After all the instrument held the fundamental equality of people, and e genuinelymans inalienable rights, to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The declaration did not favor any stimulate in the universality of its coverage. So how scrape up some people have raised the specter of condemn for America once the glowering mestizo Obama wins the US presidency?How come a Democrat attorney is doggedly pursuing, ostensibly as a matter of principlethat Barack Obma is not a natural innate(p) American and is therefore unqualified to run for the presidency of the United States. The Democrat lawyer claimed his motivation was his subjection to the US constitution. (Refer to the You Tube citat ion in the reference below for this item). But Surname 2 unitary can sense a certain ferocity in his campaign that didnt seem to correspond with his claimed adherence.The dramatic performance of this Democrat lawyer complete with reciting his monologue with the Philadelphia edifice in his background is patently a public relations stunt of a deeply rooted racist. This theatrics however considerably deep in thought(p) its mantle after a considered US statesman and former Secretary of Statethe full-blooded republican Mr. Powell endorsed Mr. Obama, making sure he stood for principle in supporting Mr. Obama. Mr. Powell was also bothered by the way his own Republican camp was hitting the dirt in their campaign of hatred against the black American Democratic candidate.(Refer again to the You Tube citation in the reference. ) Mr. Powell finally called for a generational change, and glide path as it did from a senior Republican for a long time, an unprecedented bipartisanship Mr Powell raised a very important gesture of statesmanship and concern for American welfare. (You Tube). . In his book Dreams from my Father, Obama in the first 20 pages depict a life that started as a young mind, clueless on the lifetime jumble that was to be on his shoulders as a black mestizo.He described Kansas, as the dab-smack, landlocked nerve center of the country, a move where decency and endurance and the pioneer spirit were joined at the hip with conformity and apprehension and the potential for unblinking cruelty. (p. 13). Take note of his analogy of the metaphorical duality of his environment when he described Kansas as a place of decency, endurance, and (pioneering) spirit on the upper side, joined in the hip with such(prenominal) negative traits as conformity, suspicion, and the potential for Surname 3unblinking cruelty This fairly balanced judging of his origins recognized the fundamental decency of the American people , but also noted the attitudinal duality to racial origins in his country of birth. In this book Obama explored the pervasive racial issues that he encountered in life, from childhood, to college, and by now he must have realizedto the present, when as the Democrat candidates, he stood on the threshold of American presidency. notwithstanding this stature, he was still grappling with the hunt issue.As a young man, Obama was unmindful of the thought (that )my male parent looked nothing like the people around me that he was black as pitch, my mother purity as milk. (p. 16) It was an infinitely harder life for the common blacks. In Obamas case he only started to become sensitive of the weight of his racial individuation as he grew up. Obama as a black did not come from the underprivileged, but from a relatively middle class environment. Compared to what Obama went through, Brent Staples now tells us that ordinary blacks suffered redden harsher environments. Consoling blacks, he reminded them of the historical movement toward their freedom.They came from a country that barely a few decades past was absolutely racist, a virtual apartheid which situation started to collapse only after World War II. Staples tell that only after the collapse did blacks start to move out of their sequestered world and into colleges, jobs, and walks of life that had been close to them until then. Surname 4 Still, black Americans who came from successful, suburban and upwardly mobile families were regularly dismissed as white or inauthentic . In other words, Brent Staples also blamed blacks for wanting to further marginalise themselves and to inflict on themselves a marginalized status.The authentic black experience, it was said at the time, was limited to the hard-core, impoverished lift that black people often chose to brag about, sluice when they had actually grown up with private provision schools in the lap of luxury, was Brents assessment of the black mentality of the 60s. In other words, even Obama was unacceptable to these blacks because he was not authentically black in the poverty side of the issue. But some other Republican Alan Keyes dished out another execrable crap when he opposed Mr. Obama in the Illinois Senate race back in 2004 saying Mr.Obama was not black because he was not descended from slaves. Clearly both black and whites think of blacks as having to be miserable in order to qualify for this racial group. The self-image of this group seems to be one that perpetually deprecates itself as always coming from the bottom. Mr. Obama himself, a would-be president of the United States has see the existential problem of how it is to be black in the worlds most prosperous country. In his book Obama disclosed how he coped with life as a black in a ordering dominated by whites. As Staples explains itHe stumbled onto the mysteries of race in his own good time and prosecute them in his own way. His quest took him to an impoverished community on the South Surname 5 stance of Chicago, w here he worked as an organizer in an infamous public housing project before discovering his work as a politician. And Staples sees hope that this division would soon be resolved with a greater apprehension of the multiplicity of experiences among marginalized peoples in any society. Said he The hue and cry over Barack Obamas identity stems from a failure by black traditionalists to recognize multiracial versions of themselves.Soon enough, perhaps by categorys end, however, the Obama story, which seems so exotic to so many people now, will have found its place among all the other stories of the sprawling black diaspora. Surname 6 Works Cited Obama, Barack. Dreams of My Father. US Three River Press, 1995,pp. 1-20. Staples, Brent. decipher the Debate Over the Blackness of Barack Obama. (2007) The Editorial Observer. Retrieved October 19. 2008 from http//files. meetup. com/427541/Blackness%20of%20Barack%20Obama%20. doc You Tube campaign against Obama . Retrieved Oct. 21, 2008. ht tp//sayanythingblog. com/entry/a_video_that_could_change_the_election/

Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Law Essay Example for Free

Corporate loving Responsibility and Business Law look forIntroductionOur assigned topic deals with a phenomenon that has interpreted the in corporeal world by storm alternatively recently, fussyly in Pakistan. It entails the dilemma that every corporation faces when they be possessed of to discharge decisions regarding the buckrams profitability and their corporations favorable certificate of indebtedness. The term corporate neighborly righteousness came into common use in the late 1960s and early 1970s after many multinational corporations formed the term stakeholder, pith those on whom an organizations activities bring on an impact. It was used to describe corporate owners beyond sh arholders.The field of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has developed exp intially in the last decade. Nevertheless, in that respect remains a lingering debate round the legitimacy and value of corporate reaction to CSR concerns. in that respect be different views of the fu nction of the firm in society and disagreement as to whether wealth maximization should be the sole goal of a corporation.An escalating make sense of sh arholders, analysts, regulators, activists, bray unions, employees, set forthicipation organizations, and news media be asking companies to be accountable for an ever-changing set of CSR issues. There is rising demand for transp arncy and growing expectations that corporations handbill, report, and unceasingly improve their social, environmental, and economic performance.According to Business for mixer Responsibility (BSR), corporate social responsibility is defined as achieving commercial success in shipway that honor ethical values and respect people, communities, and the natural environment.Each troupe is at variance in how it implements corporate social responsibility, if it does so at all. The differences depend on such factors as any particular caller-ups size, the particular industry involved, the firms calling cul ture, stakeholder demands, and how historically progressive the company is in engaging CSR. whatever companies accent on a single bea, which is regarded as the most master(prenominal) for them or where they have the highest impact or vulnerabilityhuman rights or the environment, for examplewhile there are others who endeavor to incorporate CSR in each and every one facet of their operations. For successful execution, it is extreme that the CSR principles are part of the corporations values and strategic planning, and that the management and employees, both are committed to them. Further more(prenominal), it is important that the CSR dodge is aligned with the companys specific corporate objectives and core competencies.As CSR comes into contact with many of the problems conventionally addressed by regime, like human rights and community investing, there is strong c escort that societal problems are surmount solved by freely elected government bodies as the resources of a corp oration are poorly teammateed for addressing those social problems, and therefore, it is argued, they should not be misallocated.According to Friedman (1970), in a free society, there is one and only one social responsibility of businessto use its resources and engage in activities designed to gain its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game, which is to say, engages in open and free competition without deception or fraud. The idea is that the state should address social problems, supported by the argument that an executive, by taking money and resources that would otherwise go to owners, employees, and costumers, and allocating them according to the will of the minority, and will fail to serve the interests of her or his principal. In this way, the executive imposes a tax and spends the proceeds for social purposes, which is insupportable, since she or he has neither the skills nor the healthy power to do so.On the other hand, there are many demands by others f or corporate adoption of the CSR principles. Although the government is chiefly responsible for addressing those issues, the contri notwithstandingion of private firms mint be substantial. There is also the argument of the duty period balance of power. According to the Organization of Economic Co-operation and growth (OECD), of the 100 largest global economies, as indicated by their various(prenominal) GDP, 51 of them are US corporations, and only 49 are nation states. So economic success has shifted to the corporations they, therefore, should have an increasing role in and accountability for addressing social problems.For example, the government sets the regulations and the minimum standards for the startplace, but a company canister further improve the work environment and the prize of living of its employees. A firm cannot stay oblivious to the problems of the environment in which it functions. The poverty of a nation states citizens, semipolitical unrest, and the exhaus tion of natural resources can have destructive effects for a corporation. For example, resources that are inputs in the issue process and which, at the foundation of the industrial revolution, were plentiful are now scarce, polluted, or diminishing in many regions of the entire planet.As one would expect, this imposes an extra cost to the corporations and may force them to reposition or to cease operations. From one perspective, companies may be poorly equipped to address some of the social or environmental problems, but from another perspective, no matter how poorly equipped, companies may still be best positioned to improve the problems. Undoubtedly, adopting the CSR principles involves costs. These costs might be short term in nature or continuous outflows.They may involve the purchase of new environmentally friendly equipment, the change of management structures, or the performance of stricter quality controls. Since being socially responsible involves incurring costs, it shou ld generate benefits as well in pronounce to be a sustainable business practice. A corporation could not continue a constitution that constantly generates invalidating cash flows. The shareholders invest their money in a corporation, expecting the highest possible risk adjust return. Therefore, being socially responsible should have bottom-line benefits in order to be sustainable.Socially responsible corporate performance can be associated with a series of benefits with the final outcome. But in a push-down stack of cases, it seems that the time frame of the costs and benefits can be out of alignmentthe costs are in the near afterlife, whereas the benefits are not often realized until long periods of time have lapsed. Nevertheless, many benefits can be identified. Firstly, socially responsible companies have enhanced brand image and reputation. Consumers are often attracted towards brands and companies with exhaustively reputations in CSR related issues.Therefore, a corporati ons brand equity is automatically enhanced. A company regarded as socially responsible can also benefit from its reputation within the business community by having increased ability to attract capital and trading partners. However, reputation is hard to quantify and barroom it is even harder to measure how much it increases a companys value. But since companies have developed methods to measure the benefits of their advertisement campaigns, similar methods can and should be able to be applied in the case of corporate reputation. Socially responsible companies also have less risk of negative rare events.Furthermore, companies that adopt the CSR principles are more transparent and have less risk of bribery and corruption. In addition, they may execute stricter and, thus, more costly quality and environmental controls, but they run less risk of having to bear in look defective product lines and pay heavy fines for excessive polluting. They also have less risk of negative social event s which damage their reputation and cost millions of dollars in information and advertising campaigns. The scandals about childlabor and sweatshops that affect the clothing industry are two fine examples. Thus, socially responsible businesses should have more stable earnings growth and less downside volatility. Since companies that adopt the CSR principles carry less risk, when valuing those companies, a lower brush off rate should be used. In the company valuation this lower tail risk should be taken into account.There are also other cases in which doing what is good and responsible converges with doing the best for the particular business. Some CSR initiatives can dramatically reduce operating costs. For example, reducing packaging material or planning the optimum route for delivery trucks not only reduces the environmental impact of a companys operation, but it also reduces the cost. The process of adopting the CSR principles induces executives to reconsider their business pract ices and to seek more efficient ways of operating.Companies perceived to have a strong CSR commitment often have an improved ability to attract and to retain employees (Turban greening 1997), which leads to reduced turnover, recruitment, and training costs. Employees, too, often evaluate their companies CSR performance to determine if their personal values conflict with those of the businesses at which they work. There are many known cases in which employees were asked, under pressure of their supervisors, to overlook written or moral impartialitys in order to achieve higher profits. These practices create a culture of fear in the workplace and harm the employees trust, loyalty, and commitment to the company.Companies that improve functional conditions and labor practices also experience increased productiveness and reduced error rates. Regular controls in the production facilities throughout the world ensure that all the employees work under good conditions and earn living wages . These practices are costly, but the increased productivity of the workers and improved quality of the products generate positive cash flows that cover the associated costs. Thus, firms may actually benefit from socially responsible actions in terms of employee morale and productivity (Moskowitz, 1972).Literature reviewCSP is a global concept that encompasses those of Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Social Responsiveness. It provides a coherent framework to explore business-society relationships by looking at the social impact of corporations with business criteria of performance measurement, such as quality, efficacy, effectiveness, innovation (Carroll, 1991 Wood, 1991). The challenge for corporate social responsibility (CSR) in developing countries is framed by a vision that was distilled in 2000 into the Millennium Development Goalsa world with less poverty, hunger and disease, greater survival prospects for mothers and their infants, better educated children, equa l opportunities for women, and a healthier environment (UN, 2006 3). The penetration of the social realm into corporate strategy has gathered momentum in the last years. The movement for CSR has won the battle of ideas (Crook 2005). By now, most well managed companies have adopted the practices and certifications obligatory in their industries, having gone through what Zadek (2004) calls the defensive and the compliance stages of CSR.Managing the social and environmental footprint of economic legal action is generally accepted as part of the cost of doing business. But much remains to be done. If companies are to move their CSR activities from satisfying behavior and take their commitment to society and the environment to the next level, they will study to rethink their current approaches to CSR, tapping into the creativity of every individual. CSE, like all entrepreneurship, is not about managing existing operations or CSR programs it is about creating disruptive change in the p ursuit of new opportunities. It combines the willingness and desire to create pin economic and social value with the entrepreneurial redesign, systems development, and action necessary to carry it out. Accelerated organizational teddy faces a host of obstacles well-documented in the change management literature. Some people argue that media pressures the corporate managers and directors to lead in ways that are socially acceptable. Sometimes this coincides with shareholders value maximization, others not (Zinagales, 2002).Although there are several contested notions of what CSR should be and how it should work, there is some agreement upon what it broadly entails. A number of concepts and issues are subsumed under the heading of CSR, including human rights, environmental responsibility, diversity management, sustainability, and philanthropy (Amaeshi Adi, 2006), meaning that it is a complex plain with an interdisciplinary focus. It is generally agreed that CSR involves corporati ons voluntarily exceeding their legal duties to take account of social, economic and environmental impacts of their operations. Consideration of the social, economic and political context demonstrates how CSR forms part of a wider strategic direction being taken internationally with regard to market relations and the pursuit of a range of objectives and goals.The context is in part provided by concerns about the numerous examples of imperative behavior on the part of corporations, ranging from colluding with oppressive regimes and in the overthrowing of governments (Alston, 2005) to issues relating to working conditions and the impact of unethical marketing practices (Richter, 2001). Such examples have demonstrated the need for the worst excesses of business to be curbed. The globalised economy is understood to raise important issues for businesses and governments due to changes in patterns of production and consumption. In particular it is say that the manufacturing of goods is h ighly mobile (Cassell, 2001263) and that supply chains are often dispersed in various countries, creating difficulties in terms of legislation and regulation. Moreover, economic globalization presents challenges to the ability of states to protect peoples rights (Cassell, 2001).The notion of corporate social responsibility is part of the third way (Gond Matten, 2007), where the role of the state is now to provide steering for the promotion of social development and social justice (Giddens, 2001 6). There is increased involvement of the private sector in traditionally statutory provision through privatization and public/private partnerships (Meehan, 2003). Economic policies have created a need for markets and business to self-regulate in order to continue to pursue an international free market economy, but also to ensure sustainability of economic, human and other resources, and of the environment. CSR is seen as a solution to these problems of regulation. The private sector is incr easingly seen as a key player in the achievement of many national and international strategic objectives for governments, which is also enabled by CSR.MethodologyTo gather information, we used secondary research as our main source of information. Various donnish journals and internet sources were pursued to cater to the important aspects of the given topic. Moreover, since we thoroughly researched this topic, personal opinions were formed and using those and logic, we confirm our opinions accordingly.How can business persons act in an ethically and socially responsible manner and at the like time make profits?Suppose clearedting is profitable and legal, but is nonetheless regarded as environmentally irresponsible under prevailing social norms. Can management of a timber corporation decline to clear-cut its timberland even though that sacrifices profits? One might be tempted to evade the question by claiming that being environmentally responsible is profitable in the long run, ei ther because it preserves the forest for future harvesting or because it maintains a public goodwill that aids future sales. But suppose, in an impulsive moment, management admits that the present value of those future profits from not clear cutting cannot hope to match the large current profits that clear-cutting would produce. Or, more realistically, suppose a takeover bid by a firm known to clear-cut establishes precisely that proposition by offering far more than the stocktaking price that reflects the current stream of profits.Can management reject the profitable takeover bid on the grounds that it will lead to socially undesirable clear-cutting? The answers to these questions will challenge the canonical law and economics account on corporate social responsibility, which goes something like this. Unless modified by statute, traditional fiduciary duties hire corporate managers to further the interests of shareholders, and thus require them to increase corporate profits sub ject to the obligation to pursue with independent legal constraints. Ethics and social responsibility are very important values in business ventures.This is particularly essential in decision making process. Ethical conscience reminds business persons to make trustworthy and profitable business decisions. Likewise, the social responsibility component requires business persons to make entrepreneurial decisions that can enhance benefits and repelling harms to the stakeholders. The canonical law and economics view holds that corporate managers do and should have a duty to profit-maximize because such breeding is socially efficient given that general legal sanctions do or can redress any harm that corporate or non-corporate businesses inflict on others.If certain conduct imposes excessive harm on others or merits taxation, then an independent law should regulate and impose obligation or taxes whether or not the actor is a corporation, and if the conduct does not impose any taboo har m or merit taxation, then the most socially desirable thing for corporations to do is maximize profits. Other stakeholders could either legally protect themselves by contract with the corporation or have their legal protection provided by judicial gap-filling of such contracts. Part of what makes this account canonical is that it helps define the boundaries of the corporate law field. It leaves corporate law scholars free to ignore issues about any effects the corporation may have on the external world as topics best addressed by other legal fields, and to focus on more tractable models about which corporate rules would maximize shareholder value.